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A First Class Constraint Generates Not a Gauge Transformation,But a Bad Physical Change:The Case of Electromagnetism
empirical equivalence gauge freedom quantum gravity problem of time
2016/6/15
In Dirac-Bergmann constrained dynamics, a first-class constraint typically does not _alone_ generate a gauge transformation. By direct calculation it is found that each first-class constraint in Maxwe...
Does a Low-Entropy Constraint Prevent Us from Influencing the Past?
Causation Time Thermodynamics
2008/4/11
David Albert (2000) and Barry Loewer (2007) have argued that the temporal asymmetry of our concept of causal influence or control is grounded in the statistical mechanical assumption of a low-entropy ...